Minggu, 10 Januari 2010
Jumat, 08 Januari 2010
.....................SEMESTER I...........................Preface..
. frist praise and thank you very much to our god,
. because i can writes this english primbon blog
. and also, thanks for my teacher mr. Erwanto always faitful lead us
. I'm sorry if this blog have some mistakes
.and,,thank you so much for god,,my family,,friends,,and for all.
][.:JiLLi Losia:.][
"materi pembelajaran semester I^^"
1. invitation
2. appointment
3. happiness expresion
4. gaining attention
5. sympathy expression
6. giving instructions
7. announcement
8. recount text
9. narrative text
10. procedure text
11. past tense
12. present tense
13. greetings
14. perfect tense=PPT
15. advertisement
16. Writting Autobiography
. frist praise and thank you very much to our god,
. because i can writes this english primbon blog
. and also, thanks for my teacher mr. Erwanto always faitful lead us
. I'm sorry if this blog have some mistakes
.and,,thank you so much for god,,my family,,friends,,and for all.
][.:JiLLi Losia:.][
"materi pembelajaran semester I^^"
1. invitation
2. appointment
3. happiness expresion
4. gaining attention
5. sympathy expression
6. giving instructions
7. announcement
8. recount text
9. narrative text
10. procedure text
11. past tense
12. present tense
13. greetings
14. perfect tense=PPT
15. advertisement
16. Writting Autobiography
o1. Invitation
= Inviting
~ would you like to..
~ I'd very much like you to..
~ we should be pleased/ delighted if you coudd..
~ would you care to..
~ you will..won't you ???
= accepting an invitation
~ that's very kind of you
~ we'd very much like to
~ what a delightful idea
~ thank you very much inviting me
= declining an invitation
~ i'm very sorry, i don't think can
~ i'd like to,but..
~ thank you for already promised..
~ unfortunatelu,i can't..
{.Informal situation.}
= Inviting
~ why don't you come to..
~ like to come to ..
~ shall we come to..
~ come to..
~ you must come to
= Accepting an invitation
~ I would/will
~ that would be very nice
~ ok !
~ I'd like to love to come
~ all right(then)
= declining an invitation
~ sorry, I can't
~ I'd love to,but..
~ I don't think I can
~ i wish I could, but..
o2. appointment
= appointment's is something with a greement together from other person.
= making an appointment
~ I'd like to make an appointment with..(iyo)
~ I'd like to make an appointment to see..(ade)
~ I'd like you to come and see me
~ can i come and see you ..
~ I'll be there
~ what about...(saturday)??
= canceling an appointment
~ I'm sorry, I'm very busy
~ I'm ternibly sorry,i have to putt of my appointment
~ I'm affraid i have to post pane my appiontment
o3. happiness expression
= happiness expresion is expression that used to express glad feeling to express happiness, we can use the followings sentences :
~ I like
~ I love
~i'm satisfied ~ i'm pleased with ..
~ congratulation
~ i'm very happy bacause
~ well down
~ that's fantastic !
~ that's good !
~ that's great !
~ that's wonderfull
~ that's exciting
~ i'm so happy for you
~ I'm happy to hear that
~ i'm glad to know that
~ my happiness for you
~ i'm very happy for you
~ my deep impression for you both
~ you make me happy
~ how happy you must be !
~ how happy you are !
o4. Gaining attetion
= when you tell a story , you can use quetsion to attract your listener's attention where as when you listen to a story. you can use several expression to show that you are paying attentions to what is being talked about..
= asking for attention(formal):
~ excuse me, i wonder if i could troughe you..
~ may i have your attention , please ?
~ sorry to trouble you..
~ sorry to bother you..
= asking for attention(informal):
~ look at me
~ look here
~ hey
~ attention please
~ excuse me
o5. sympathy expression
= on the other hand , you also hear someone getting sick. you may say"I am sorry to hear that ", both happen in our dairly life,so we should be able to appreciate or to be sympathetic to them well.
= expressing of being sympathy(less serious news)
..example :
~ oh,,no !
~ what a pity !
~ what a shame !
~ what a nuisance !
~ poor you !
= expressions of being sympathy(very sad news)
..example :
~ how awful
~ how terrible !
~ i'am really sorry to hear that
~ that must have been awful
~ i'd like to express my deepest condolences
o6. giving instruction
= Definition : an expression for give or ask, home body to do something we want giving intruction, some with imperative sentences.
= Standard competency : to comprehend and express the meaning nuance within the transactional and interpersonal conversations which are related to the instruction expressions in the context of daily life.
= Basic competency : to respond and express the meaning nuance within the formal/informal transactional(to get things done)and interpersonal(get sociable)by using the simple kind of spoken and written languages accurately and fluently in the daily life context involving the acts of expressing happiness, gaining attention, expressing sympathy and giving instruction.
= Indicators :
after having finished the lesson , the students are expected to be able to :
~ identify the meaning nuance of giving instruction
~ give instruction orally
~ respond of carry out transactional and interpersonal conversations involving the acts of giving instruction.
= Note : the simple used in giving instruction is"SIMPLE PRESENT"
= The formula : Verb 1 + object
= The example expressions of giving instruction :
~ open your book
~ close the door,please !
~ be Quiet,please !
~ move the chair !
~ open the window !
~ open the door,please !
~ pass me the sugar, please !
~ stand up,please !
= Kinds of giving instruction :
a. Verb 1 ~ ex : - Sit down
- eat your meal
b. Be + adjective ~ Ex : - Be yourself
- be strong
- be happy
c. don't + V-infinitive ~ ex : - dont armb
- dont eat
d. no + V-ing ~ ex : - no smoking
- no swimming
o7. announcement
= standard competency : to comprehend and express the meanings of spoken and written short functional text about announcement in the context of daily life access knowledge.
= Basic competency : to respond and express the meanings within the formal/ informal spoken and written short functional text in the from of announcement,advertisement, invitation accurately, and fluently in the daily life context to access knowledge.
= Indicators :
~ after finishing the lesson, the students are expected to be able to
~ Identify the topic or the purpose of a spoken announcement
~ give spoken announcement
~ identify the topic of a written announcement.
~ Read aloud the written passage of an announcement in the meaningful way and with good pronunciation and intonation.
= The definition of announcement :
announcement is something said, written, or printed to make known what has happened or(make often) what will happen.
= in writing an announcement, keep the following points :
~ the title/type of event
~ date/ time, place and contact person.
o8. Recount text
= when writing recounts you should :
~ focus on individual people is use the words, I or we
~ use words which indicate when(eg after lunch) and where the events took place(eg in the shed)
~ write in the past tense eg had, visited
~ use action words eg helped,crutched
= social function :
to retell events for the purpose of informing
= Generic structure :
~ orientation : provides the setting and introduces participants
~ events : tell what happened, in what sequence
~ Re-orientation : optional- closure of events.
~ focus on specific participants
= significant lexicogrammatical features :
~ use of material processes
~ circumstances of time and place
~ focus on temporal sequence
.. Example of Recount text..
"my day"
1. - I had a terrible day yesterday. first, i woke up and hour late because my alarm clock didn't go off. Then, i was in such a hurry that I burned my hand when I was making breakfast. after breakfast, i got dressed so Quincly that I forgot to wear socks.
2. - Next, I ran out of the house trying to get the 9:30 bus, but of course I missed it. I wanted to take a taxi, but I didn't have enough money.
3. - Finnaly, I walked the three miles to my school only to discover that is was sunday I hope I never have a day as the one I had yesterday.
~ paragraf 1 = orientation
~ paragraf 2 = events
~ paragraf 3 = Re-orintation
o9. Narrative text
= narrative is a text which contains about story(fiotion/non fiotion/folktales/myths/epic)and in it's plot consist of climax of the story(complication)then folloed by the resolution.
= Generic stuctures : - orientation,complication,Evaluation(optional),Resolution.
= Orientation : - it is about WHO,WHEN,and WHERE the story happened.
= Evaluation : - is optional, it is usually used to make the story more interesting
= complication : - it is about the confliot or the big problem of the story.
= Resolution : - it is the solution or the problem. it can be happy or sad ending.
= Coda : - it is the change of one of the character or two, or the meaning of the story that can be caught as a moral valve or life.
= Example : - the story of the little pear Girl, the duckling, etc...
1o. Procedure Text
= procedure text is a plece of text that gives us instruction for doing something.
the purpose of propose of procedure text type is to explain how something can be done.
= The characteristic of procedure text
~ using the simple present tense, usually in imperative sentences
~ using relative pronoun temporal, like as first, second, the next, finnaly.
~ using action verb, like as turn on,stir,and cook.
= The structure of procedure texts are
~ an introductory statement that gives the aim or goal
~ a list of the materials that will be needed for completing the procedure
~ a sequence of steps in the order they need to be done
= The language features usually found in a procedure are
a) The use of technical language
b) sentences that begin with verbs and are stated as commands
c) the use of time words or numbers that tell order for doing the procedure
d) The use of adverbs to tell how the action should be done
"Example of procedure text"
[Procedure text] [structure]
- how to make jelly ?? - Tittle introducing
Jelly can be made very simply the aim of procedure
by following his direction.
- you will need on packed of jelly - List of materials needed
crystals,a 500ml jug,
25ml of cold water, and a bowl.
1. empty contents of a packed of jelly - sequence of steps in order to complete the procedure
crystals in to the jug.
2. Add boiling water
3. Stir well until crystals dissolve
4. Add the cold water and stir
5. pour mixture into a bowl
6. Refrigerate until firm.
o11. Past tense
= The formula of simple past tense :
(+) S+Verb 2+o
(-) S+did not+Verb 1+o
(?) did+S+Verb 1+o
= simple past tense used to talk about an action that happened in the past
simple past tense also used to tell a story. the time signals that indicate such happening are yesterday, this morning, just now, a few minutes ago, long time ago,and last.
"Example"
1.(+) Pupe went to singapore last year
(-) Pupe did not go to singapore last year
(?) did pupe go to singapore ?
2.(+) you left me alone last week
(-) you did not leave me alone last week
(?) did you leave me alone last week
3.(+) acho's bought a new car yesterday
(-) acho's did not buy a new car yesterday
(?) did acho's buy a new car yesterday ??
"NOTE :"
~ in positive sentences, all of the main verb in the verb II(past tense)
~ in negative sentences, all of the main verb in verb 1
o12. Present tense
= The simple present is used
~ to express habits, general truths, repeated actions or unchanging situations, emotions and wishes
~ to express fixed arrangements, present or future.
= Adverb of time
~ always[selalu]
~ never[gak pernah]
~ every[tiap"/setiap]
~ often[sering sekali]
~ seldom[jarang]
~ usually[biasanya]
~ sometimes[kadang-kadang]
"Verbal sentence"
= affirmative form
~ S+V1(-s/-es)+object
ex. I buy some books
= Negative
~ S+do/does+not+V1+object
ex. I do not buy some books
= Interrogative form
~ do/does+S+V1+object ??
ex. do I buy some books ??
"NOTE"
~ verbs ending in-y :
the third person changes the. y to -ies
fly~ flies, cry~cries
Exception : If there is a vowel
before the-y
play~plays, pray~prays
~ add-es to verbs ending in : -ss, -x, -sh, -ch, he passes, she catches, he fixes, it pushes.
= non verbal sentence
~ affirmative form
S+to be (am/is/are)+ noun / adjective/ adverb
ex. I am a student
~ negative form
S+to be + not +noun/adjective/adverb
ex. I am not a student
~ Interrogative form
to be+ S+noun/adjective/adverb ?
ex. am I a student ?
o13. Greetings
= greeting is ungkapan/salam yang di ungkapkan saat bertemu/ berpisah dengan seseorang.
[greeting]
~ Hello/hi
~ good morning
~ good afternoon
~ how are you
[Response]
~ hello/hi
~ good morning
~ good afternoon
~ fine,thanks/ I am fine,thanks you.
[Parting]
~ good night,mum
~ good bye/bye-bye
~ see you later/ tummorow
[Response]
~ good night sweety
~ bye/ bye"
~ see you
"Example"
pupe : hello,JiLLi.. glad to see you here.
how are you ??
Jilli : hello,,pupe ....
and you ??
pupe : fine,thanks..
Jilli : ^^
~ are you okay ?
~ nice to meet you
~ how do you do ?
~ I'm fine,thank you..
= Introducing
there are some greetings for introducing
1. introducing for own self. like this
- hello/hi, I am Jilli Losia please call me Jilli or Jiloy
2. Introduse some one to another,like this :
- this is Trisye of whom I spoke to yo the other day
o14. Perfect tense=PPT
= definitionis : is use for describing a past actions effect on the present.
present perfect is formed by combining have/has with the main verbs.
= The pettern
(+) S+had+V3+o
(-) S+had not+V3+o
(?) had+S+V3+o
= Function : is used to indicate a link between the present and the past. the time of the action is before now but not specifitd, and we are of ton more interestid in the result then in the action it self.
"Example"
(+) we had slept before they come
(-) we had not slept before they come
(?) had we slept before they come ?
o15. Advertisement
~ advertisement is a form of communication used to help sell product and services
~ typically it communicates a message induding the name of the product or services could potentially benefit the consumer
~ we can find advertisement on newspaper tabloid,radio,television and internet.
[media of advertisement]
~ by. televisi
~ by. radio
~ by. brochure
~ by. billboard
~ by. pamphlet
~ by. internet
= Function of Advertisement
~ promotions
~ communications
~ information
[kind of advertisement]
~ family advertisement
~ invitation advertisement
~ announcement advertisement
~ offer advertisement
~ sponsor advertisement
~ article advertisement
o16. Writing autobiography
= A biography is defined as a written account of the series of events that make up a persons life.
...How to write An Autobiography...
when writing an autobiography, you focus on three major things :
~ who you are in live
~ what life means to you
~ what your outlook on the future is
" autobiographies have been written since A.D. 400 when an early christian leader,saint Augustine, wrote his." An autobiography is Information about one's own life written by that one person. In it, it tells what that persons life is all about. when writing your own autobiography, use interesting facts to explain as much about yourself as you can.
the first thing you do when writing an autobiography is start off with a lot of facts about your life; for example, when and where you were born, where you live(city and state), where you go to school and who you live with . you have to give a lot of information so your reader can clearly understand what is going on. once you have written this introduction. you are ready to start your first paragraph of autobiography.
...Who you are in life...
the best way to start autobiography is to state your name. when you are writing this paragraph. you usually explain the type of person you are; use facts about yourself such as : have you won any awards ? what types of awards have you won ? did you finish school ? do you plan on going to college ?
...What life means to you?...
this is now your second paragraph you should state how you see life--what does life mean to you. are you happy or sad ? do you have a lot of friends or just a few ? how do you make your school days go by ? do you have a boyfriend/girlfriend ? what are your favorite places to go on dates ? how long have you been dating ? if you are involved in a realithionship, do you think it will last forever ?
...What is your outlook on the future? ...
In this paragraph you should explain what you think the future will be like. pick a year and explain it though your eyes. where will you be ? how will you be living ? who will you be married to ? what is he/she like ? how long will you have been together ?
...conclusion...
The conclusion is the last paragraph of your autobiography and a important are,too . In the conclusion you usually try to re-word the introduction and add some type of closure to bring the whole autobiography together.
*********************************************************************
..humpp,,gag trasaa[.semester 1.]udah lewat
..[.semester 2.]dtang dengand segambreng tugass
..humpp,,tp gag pp^^krnaa daa smua.a yg bisaa bntuu q
..yuu,,siepind bukuu truss polpend
..tug ngerjaind tu smuaa
..chayoo,,tmand^^
[.Materi pembelajaran semester 2.]
o1. Gratitude compliment & congratulation.
o2. surprises & Disbeliefs.
o3. Invitation(written).
o4. Asking for Information.
o5. narrative text.
o6. Modals In the past form.
o7. Direct & Indirect speech.
o8. Descriptive text.
o9. Introductory it.
1o. news item.
11. finite verbs.
12. noun phrase.
13. simple future.
14. offering.
15. asking if someone remember or not.
16. passive voice.
17. vocabulery around the house.
18. preposition in,on,and at.
***********************************
o1.
o2.surprise & disbeliefs
..: Definition Of Surprise_Surprise is an expression that we show or say to express a sudden feeling of wonder or astonishment, as through unexpectedness.
..: To express surprises :
+ wow! what a surprise !
+ That's a surprise !
+ (well), that's very surprising !
+ Really ??
+ What ??
+ Are you serious ?? you must be joking !
+ You're kidding !
+ Fancy that !
+ I must say it surprises me
+ I find that hard to believe.
..: To Responding The Surprises :
+ Yeah !
+ It is
+ yup !
+ sure !
+ It's true
+ I'm Serious
+ No. I'm not
+ Does it ?
+ It is , isn't it ?
..: The Examples :
khajoul : whose motorcyle is that ?
puspa : It's Dewi's
khajoul : are you kidding me ??
puspa : no, I'm not. I saw her riding that motorcyecle this morning
khajoul : what a surprise !
Tiwy : How, can you say that ?
Harly : well, that's the fact.
..: Definition Of Disbelief_ Disbelief is an expression that we show or say to express the inability or refusal to believe or to accept something as true.
..: To Express Disbelief
+ I donr't believe it
+ It can't be true
+ I can't think of it
+ I don't trust you
+ I didn't know that
..: The Examples
harly : Do you still remember the girl we met yesterday ?
duan : yes.
harly : I can't believe my eyes when i saw her selling fried bananas this morning
duan : Fried bananas ??
harly : Yes,,she looked grievous
duan : I don't believe you. you must be dreaming.\
nia : I can't believe it !
saádah : That's true.
= Inviting
~ would you like to..
~ I'd very much like you to..
~ we should be pleased/ delighted if you coudd..
~ would you care to..
~ you will..won't you ???
= accepting an invitation
~ that's very kind of you
~ we'd very much like to
~ what a delightful idea
~ thank you very much inviting me
= declining an invitation
~ i'm very sorry, i don't think can
~ i'd like to,but..
~ thank you for already promised..
~ unfortunatelu,i can't..
{.Informal situation.}
= Inviting
~ why don't you come to..
~ like to come to ..
~ shall we come to..
~ come to..
~ you must come to
= Accepting an invitation
~ I would/will
~ that would be very nice
~ ok !
~ I'd like to love to come
~ all right(then)
= declining an invitation
~ sorry, I can't
~ I'd love to,but..
~ I don't think I can
~ i wish I could, but..
o2. appointment
= appointment's is something with a greement together from other person.
= making an appointment
~ I'd like to make an appointment with..(iyo)
~ I'd like to make an appointment to see..(ade)
~ I'd like you to come and see me
~ can i come and see you ..
~ I'll be there
~ what about...(saturday)??
= canceling an appointment
~ I'm sorry, I'm very busy
~ I'm ternibly sorry,i have to putt of my appointment
~ I'm affraid i have to post pane my appiontment
o3. happiness expression
= happiness expresion is expression that used to express glad feeling to express happiness, we can use the followings sentences :
~ I like
~ I love
~i'm satisfied ~ i'm pleased with ..
~ congratulation
~ i'm very happy bacause
~ well down
~ that's fantastic !
~ that's good !
~ that's great !
~ that's wonderfull
~ that's exciting
~ i'm so happy for you
~ I'm happy to hear that
~ i'm glad to know that
~ my happiness for you
~ i'm very happy for you
~ my deep impression for you both
~ you make me happy
~ how happy you must be !
~ how happy you are !
o4. Gaining attetion
= when you tell a story , you can use quetsion to attract your listener's attention where as when you listen to a story. you can use several expression to show that you are paying attentions to what is being talked about..
= asking for attention(formal):
~ excuse me, i wonder if i could troughe you..
~ may i have your attention , please ?
~ sorry to trouble you..
~ sorry to bother you..
= asking for attention(informal):
~ look at me
~ look here
~ hey
~ attention please
~ excuse me
o5. sympathy expression
= on the other hand , you also hear someone getting sick. you may say"I am sorry to hear that ", both happen in our dairly life,so we should be able to appreciate or to be sympathetic to them well.
= expressing of being sympathy(less serious news)
..example :
~ oh,,no !
~ what a pity !
~ what a shame !
~ what a nuisance !
~ poor you !
= expressions of being sympathy(very sad news)
..example :
~ how awful
~ how terrible !
~ i'am really sorry to hear that
~ that must have been awful
~ i'd like to express my deepest condolences
o6. giving instruction
= Definition : an expression for give or ask, home body to do something we want giving intruction, some with imperative sentences.
= Standard competency : to comprehend and express the meaning nuance within the transactional and interpersonal conversations which are related to the instruction expressions in the context of daily life.
= Basic competency : to respond and express the meaning nuance within the formal/informal transactional(to get things done)and interpersonal(get sociable)by using the simple kind of spoken and written languages accurately and fluently in the daily life context involving the acts of expressing happiness, gaining attention, expressing sympathy and giving instruction.
= Indicators :
after having finished the lesson , the students are expected to be able to :
~ identify the meaning nuance of giving instruction
~ give instruction orally
~ respond of carry out transactional and interpersonal conversations involving the acts of giving instruction.
= Note : the simple used in giving instruction is"SIMPLE PRESENT"
= The formula : Verb 1 + object
= The example expressions of giving instruction :
~ open your book
~ close the door,please !
~ be Quiet,please !
~ move the chair !
~ open the window !
~ open the door,please !
~ pass me the sugar, please !
~ stand up,please !
= Kinds of giving instruction :
a. Verb 1 ~ ex : - Sit down
- eat your meal
b. Be + adjective ~ Ex : - Be yourself
- be strong
- be happy
c. don't + V-infinitive ~ ex : - dont armb
- dont eat
d. no + V-ing ~ ex : - no smoking
- no swimming
o7. announcement
= standard competency : to comprehend and express the meanings of spoken and written short functional text about announcement in the context of daily life access knowledge.
= Basic competency : to respond and express the meanings within the formal/ informal spoken and written short functional text in the from of announcement,advertisement, invitation accurately, and fluently in the daily life context to access knowledge.
= Indicators :
~ after finishing the lesson, the students are expected to be able to
~ Identify the topic or the purpose of a spoken announcement
~ give spoken announcement
~ identify the topic of a written announcement.
~ Read aloud the written passage of an announcement in the meaningful way and with good pronunciation and intonation.
= The definition of announcement :
announcement is something said, written, or printed to make known what has happened or(make often) what will happen.
= in writing an announcement, keep the following points :
~ the title/type of event
~ date/ time, place and contact person.
o8. Recount text
= when writing recounts you should :
~ focus on individual people is use the words, I or we
~ use words which indicate when(eg after lunch) and where the events took place(eg in the shed)
~ write in the past tense eg had, visited
~ use action words eg helped,crutched
= social function :
to retell events for the purpose of informing
= Generic structure :
~ orientation : provides the setting and introduces participants
~ events : tell what happened, in what sequence
~ Re-orientation : optional- closure of events.
~ focus on specific participants
= significant lexicogrammatical features :
~ use of material processes
~ circumstances of time and place
~ focus on temporal sequence
.. Example of Recount text..
"my day"
1. - I had a terrible day yesterday. first, i woke up and hour late because my alarm clock didn't go off. Then, i was in such a hurry that I burned my hand when I was making breakfast. after breakfast, i got dressed so Quincly that I forgot to wear socks.
2. - Next, I ran out of the house trying to get the 9:30 bus, but of course I missed it. I wanted to take a taxi, but I didn't have enough money.
3. - Finnaly, I walked the three miles to my school only to discover that is was sunday I hope I never have a day as the one I had yesterday.
~ paragraf 1 = orientation
~ paragraf 2 = events
~ paragraf 3 = Re-orintation
o9. Narrative text
= narrative is a text which contains about story(fiotion/non fiotion/folktales/myths/epic)and in it's plot consist of climax of the story(complication)then folloed by the resolution.
= Generic stuctures : - orientation,complication,Evaluation(optional),Resolution.
= Orientation : - it is about WHO,WHEN,and WHERE the story happened.
= Evaluation : - is optional, it is usually used to make the story more interesting
= complication : - it is about the confliot or the big problem of the story.
= Resolution : - it is the solution or the problem. it can be happy or sad ending.
= Coda : - it is the change of one of the character or two, or the meaning of the story that can be caught as a moral valve or life.
= Example : - the story of the little pear Girl, the duckling, etc...
1o. Procedure Text
= procedure text is a plece of text that gives us instruction for doing something.
the purpose of propose of procedure text type is to explain how something can be done.
= The characteristic of procedure text
~ using the simple present tense, usually in imperative sentences
~ using relative pronoun temporal, like as first, second, the next, finnaly.
~ using action verb, like as turn on,stir,and cook.
= The structure of procedure texts are
~ an introductory statement that gives the aim or goal
~ a list of the materials that will be needed for completing the procedure
~ a sequence of steps in the order they need to be done
= The language features usually found in a procedure are
a) The use of technical language
b) sentences that begin with verbs and are stated as commands
c) the use of time words or numbers that tell order for doing the procedure
d) The use of adverbs to tell how the action should be done
"Example of procedure text"
[Procedure text] [structure]
- how to make jelly ?? - Tittle introducing
Jelly can be made very simply the aim of procedure
by following his direction.
- you will need on packed of jelly - List of materials needed
crystals,a 500ml jug,
25ml of cold water, and a bowl.
1. empty contents of a packed of jelly - sequence of steps in order to complete the procedure
crystals in to the jug.
2. Add boiling water
3. Stir well until crystals dissolve
4. Add the cold water and stir
5. pour mixture into a bowl
6. Refrigerate until firm.
o11. Past tense
= The formula of simple past tense :
(+) S+Verb 2+o
(-) S+did not+Verb 1+o
(?) did+S+Verb 1+o
= simple past tense used to talk about an action that happened in the past
simple past tense also used to tell a story. the time signals that indicate such happening are yesterday, this morning, just now, a few minutes ago, long time ago,and last.
"Example"
1.(+) Pupe went to singapore last year
(-) Pupe did not go to singapore last year
(?) did pupe go to singapore ?
2.(+) you left me alone last week
(-) you did not leave me alone last week
(?) did you leave me alone last week
3.(+) acho's bought a new car yesterday
(-) acho's did not buy a new car yesterday
(?) did acho's buy a new car yesterday ??
"NOTE :"
~ in positive sentences, all of the main verb in the verb II(past tense)
~ in negative sentences, all of the main verb in verb 1
o12. Present tense
= The simple present is used
~ to express habits, general truths, repeated actions or unchanging situations, emotions and wishes
~ to express fixed arrangements, present or future.
= Adverb of time
~ always[selalu]
~ never[gak pernah]
~ every[tiap"/setiap]
~ often[sering sekali]
~ seldom[jarang]
~ usually[biasanya]
~ sometimes[kadang-kadang]
"Verbal sentence"
= affirmative form
~ S+V1(-s/-es)+object
ex. I buy some books
= Negative
~ S+do/does+not+V1+object
ex. I do not buy some books
= Interrogative form
~ do/does+S+V1+object ??
ex. do I buy some books ??
"NOTE"
~ verbs ending in-y :
the third person changes the. y to -ies
fly~ flies, cry~cries
Exception : If there is a vowel
before the-y
play~plays, pray~prays
~ add-es to verbs ending in : -ss, -x, -sh, -ch, he passes, she catches, he fixes, it pushes.
= non verbal sentence
~ affirmative form
S+to be (am/is/are)+ noun / adjective/ adverb
ex. I am a student
~ negative form
S+to be + not +noun/adjective/adverb
ex. I am not a student
~ Interrogative form
to be+ S+noun/adjective/adverb ?
ex. am I a student ?
o13. Greetings
= greeting is ungkapan/salam yang di ungkapkan saat bertemu/ berpisah dengan seseorang.
[greeting]
~ Hello/hi
~ good morning
~ good afternoon
~ how are you
[Response]
~ hello/hi
~ good morning
~ good afternoon
~ fine,thanks/ I am fine,thanks you.
[Parting]
~ good night,mum
~ good bye/bye-bye
~ see you later/ tummorow
[Response]
~ good night sweety
~ bye/ bye"
~ see you
"Example"
pupe : hello,JiLLi.. glad to see you here.
how are you ??
Jilli : hello,,pupe ....
and you ??
pupe : fine,thanks..
Jilli : ^^
~ are you okay ?
~ nice to meet you
~ how do you do ?
~ I'm fine,thank you..
= Introducing
there are some greetings for introducing
1. introducing for own self. like this
- hello/hi, I am Jilli Losia please call me Jilli or Jiloy
2. Introduse some one to another,like this :
- this is Trisye of whom I spoke to yo the other day
o14. Perfect tense=PPT
= definitionis : is use for describing a past actions effect on the present.
present perfect is formed by combining have/has with the main verbs.
= The pettern
(+) S+had+V3+o
(-) S+had not+V3+o
(?) had+S+V3+o
= Function : is used to indicate a link between the present and the past. the time of the action is before now but not specifitd, and we are of ton more interestid in the result then in the action it self.
"Example"
(+) we had slept before they come
(-) we had not slept before they come
(?) had we slept before they come ?
o15. Advertisement
~ advertisement is a form of communication used to help sell product and services
~ typically it communicates a message induding the name of the product or services could potentially benefit the consumer
~ we can find advertisement on newspaper tabloid,radio,television and internet.
[media of advertisement]
~ by. televisi
~ by. radio
~ by. brochure
~ by. billboard
~ by. pamphlet
~ by. internet
= Function of Advertisement
~ promotions
~ communications
~ information
[kind of advertisement]
~ family advertisement
~ invitation advertisement
~ announcement advertisement
~ offer advertisement
~ sponsor advertisement
~ article advertisement
o16. Writing autobiography
= A biography is defined as a written account of the series of events that make up a persons life.
...How to write An Autobiography...
when writing an autobiography, you focus on three major things :
~ who you are in live
~ what life means to you
~ what your outlook on the future is
" autobiographies have been written since A.D. 400 when an early christian leader,saint Augustine, wrote his." An autobiography is Information about one's own life written by that one person. In it, it tells what that persons life is all about. when writing your own autobiography, use interesting facts to explain as much about yourself as you can.
the first thing you do when writing an autobiography is start off with a lot of facts about your life; for example, when and where you were born, where you live(city and state), where you go to school and who you live with . you have to give a lot of information so your reader can clearly understand what is going on. once you have written this introduction. you are ready to start your first paragraph of autobiography.
...Who you are in life...
the best way to start autobiography is to state your name. when you are writing this paragraph. you usually explain the type of person you are; use facts about yourself such as : have you won any awards ? what types of awards have you won ? did you finish school ? do you plan on going to college ?
...What life means to you?...
this is now your second paragraph you should state how you see life--what does life mean to you. are you happy or sad ? do you have a lot of friends or just a few ? how do you make your school days go by ? do you have a boyfriend/girlfriend ? what are your favorite places to go on dates ? how long have you been dating ? if you are involved in a realithionship, do you think it will last forever ?
...What is your outlook on the future? ...
In this paragraph you should explain what you think the future will be like. pick a year and explain it though your eyes. where will you be ? how will you be living ? who will you be married to ? what is he/she like ? how long will you have been together ?
...conclusion...
The conclusion is the last paragraph of your autobiography and a important are,too . In the conclusion you usually try to re-word the introduction and add some type of closure to bring the whole autobiography together.
*********************************************************************
..humpp,,gag trasaa[.semester 1.]udah lewat
..[.semester 2.]dtang dengand segambreng tugass
..humpp,,tp gag pp^^krnaa daa smua.a yg bisaa bntuu q
..yuu,,siepind bukuu truss polpend
..tug ngerjaind tu smuaa
..chayoo,,tmand^^
[.Materi pembelajaran semester 2.]
o1. Gratitude compliment & congratulation.
o2. surprises & Disbeliefs.
o3. Invitation(written).
o4. Asking for Information.
o5. narrative text.
o6. Modals In the past form.
o7. Direct & Indirect speech.
o8. Descriptive text.
o9. Introductory it.
1o. news item.
11. finite verbs.
12. noun phrase.
13. simple future.
14. offering.
15. asking if someone remember or not.
16. passive voice.
17. vocabulery around the house.
18. preposition in,on,and at.
***********************************
o1.
o2.surprise & disbeliefs
..: Definition Of Surprise_Surprise is an expression that we show or say to express a sudden feeling of wonder or astonishment, as through unexpectedness.
..: To express surprises :
+ wow! what a surprise !
+ That's a surprise !
+ (well), that's very surprising !
+ Really ??
+ What ??
+ Are you serious ?? you must be joking !
+ You're kidding !
+ Fancy that !
+ I must say it surprises me
+ I find that hard to believe.
..: To Responding The Surprises :
+ Yeah !
+ It is
+ yup !
+ sure !
+ It's true
+ I'm Serious
+ No. I'm not
+ Does it ?
+ It is , isn't it ?
..: The Examples :
khajoul : whose motorcyle is that ?
puspa : It's Dewi's
khajoul : are you kidding me ??
puspa : no, I'm not. I saw her riding that motorcyecle this morning
khajoul : what a surprise !
Tiwy : How, can you say that ?
Harly : well, that's the fact.
..: Definition Of Disbelief_ Disbelief is an expression that we show or say to express the inability or refusal to believe or to accept something as true.
..: To Express Disbelief
+ I donr't believe it
+ It can't be true
+ I can't think of it
+ I don't trust you
+ I didn't know that
..: The Examples
harly : Do you still remember the girl we met yesterday ?
duan : yes.
harly : I can't believe my eyes when i saw her selling fried bananas this morning
duan : Fried bananas ??
harly : Yes,,she looked grievous
duan : I don't believe you. you must be dreaming.\
nia : I can't believe it !
saádah : That's true.
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